The drive (ReFS) was created on a Server 2016 VM and later moved to its host (Windows 10) and moved back afterwards. Been fiddling around for a while. It mounted fine on every system I tried it on even on Windows 7 which then said the ReFS Version was unsupported as expected. I also tried moving ProgramData/Stablebit from host to VM didn't help. Reinstalled and got rid of everything related to Covecube in Registry didn't help either. Compared ChunkID on host and VM both were similar sized so that wasn't the problem.
All I can make of it is that Windows expected the drive to be in the same state as it was when I detached it before mounting it on host, which doesn't really make sense to me because I even removed the driver in registry.
I gave up as I had no idea what else to do and moved everything to a new VM and it's doing fine so far.